{"id":847,"date":"2026-01-02T10:44:58","date_gmt":"2026-01-02T10:44:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/?p=847"},"modified":"2026-01-18T10:42:19","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T10:42:19","slug":"smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/","title":{"rendered":"Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\"Smyrna:<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City. In the early years of the twentieth century, Smyrna\u2014present-day \u0130zmir\u2014was one of the most vibrant and cosmopolitan cities of the Eastern Mediterranean. Greeks, Armenians, Jews, Turks, and Levantines shared narrow streets, elegant mansions, and bustling quays, forming a unique urban culture shaped around trade, faith, and daily life. Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City reconstructs the social, cultural, and economic texture of this extraordinary port city through a detailed historical narrative. Drawing on archival documents, testimonies, and rare visuals, B\u00fclent \u015eenocak reveals Smyrna's distinctive identity by tracing the intertwined worlds of merchants, clergy, diplomats, and ordinary citizens. With a vivid narrative style and rigorous historical analysis, the book captures the rhythm of a city where multiple languages were spoken, different traditions lived side by side, and the Mediterranean spirit permeated daily life. Standing at the intersection of history and memory, this work treats Smyrna as a living, breathing city while also revealing how its legacy has been carried beyond time.\n
\n
\nThis book constitutes the first volume of a broader two-book study focusing on the modern history of Smyrna and \u0130zmir, laying the historical and cultural groundwork for the major transformations to be addressed in the sequel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
Buy<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City. Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Smyrna \u2014 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130zmir \u2014 Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019in en canl\u0131 ve en kozmopolit kentlerinden biriydi. Rumlar, Ermeniler, Yahudiler, T\u00fcrkler ve Levantenler; dar sokaklar\u0131, zarif konaklar\u0131 ve hareketli r\u0131ht\u0131mlar\u0131 payla\u015farak ticaret, inan\u00e7 ve g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenen benzersiz bir kent k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olu\u015fturuyordu. Smyrna: The Rise of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kitaplarim"],"yoast_head":"\nSmyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City |\u00a0B\u00fclent \u015eenocak<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u00fclent \u015eenocak'\u0131n kaleminden Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City, kozmopolit \u0130zmir'in toplumsal dokusunu ve Akdeniz ruhunu tarihsel bir anlat\u0131yla canland\u0131r\u0131yor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City |\u00a0B\u00fclent \u015eenocak\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u00fclent \u015eenocak'\u0131n kaleminden Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City, kozmopolit \u0130zmir'in toplumsal dokusunu ve Akdeniz ruhunu tarihsel bir anlat\u0131yla canland\u0131r\u0131yor.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bülent \u015eenocak\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-02T10:44:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-18T10:42:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/SMYRNA-ON-KAPAK-SON.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"774\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1161\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\".\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\".\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\".\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/833c1bbf563d454f8b91d743d5cac7f6\"},\"headline\":\"Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-02T10:44:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-18T10:42:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":276,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d6b6a272870f4cd2600a30e279637d51\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/SMYRNA-ON-KAPAK-SON-683x1024.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Kitaplar\u0131m\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\\\/\",\"name\":\"Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City |\u00a0B\u00fclent \u015eenocak\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/SMYRNA-ON-KAPAK-SON-683x1024.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-02T10:44:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-18T10:42:19+00:00\",\"description\":\"B\u00fclent \u015eenocak'\u0131n kaleminden Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City, kozmopolit \u0130zmir'in toplumsal dokusunu ve Akdeniz ruhunu tarihsel bir anlat\u0131yla canland\u0131r\u0131yor.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/SMYRNA-ON-KAPAK-SON-683x1024.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/SMYRNA-ON-KAPAK-SON-683x1024.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bülent \u015eenocak\",\"description\":\"Kalemim, özgürlü\u011fümün kanatlar\u0131d\u0131r.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d6b6a272870f4cd2600a30e279637d51\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d6b6a272870f4cd2600a30e279637d51\",\"name\":\"B\u00fclent \u015eenocak\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/logo-1-1.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/logo-1-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/logo-1-1.png\",\"width\":622,\"height\":412,\"caption\":\"B\u00fclent \u015eenocak\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/logo-1-1.png\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.bulentsenocak.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/833c1bbf563d454f8b91d743d5cac7f6\",\"name\":\".\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/9d2697bd236ed3adebefbe7d0ec846c8c50acff1b184397dbaa67dc445f06845?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/9d2697bd236ed3adebefbe7d0ec846c8c50acff1b184397dbaa67dc445f06845?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/9d2697bd236ed3adebefbe7d0ec846c8c50acff1b184397dbaa67dc445f06845?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\".\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City |\u00a0B\u00fclent \u015eenocak","description":"B\u00fclent \u015eenocak'\u0131n kaleminden Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City, kozmopolit \u0130zmir'in toplumsal dokusunu ve Akdeniz ruhunu tarihsel bir anlat\u0131yla canland\u0131r\u0131yor.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City |\u00a0B\u00fclent \u015eenocak","og_description":"B\u00fclent \u015eenocak'\u0131n kaleminden Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City, kozmopolit \u0130zmir'in toplumsal dokusunu ve Akdeniz ruhunu tarihsel bir anlat\u0131yla canland\u0131r\u0131yor.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/","og_site_name":"Bülent \u015eenocak","article_published_time":"2026-01-02T10:44:58+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-01-18T10:42:19+00:00","og_image":[{"width":774,"height":1161,"url":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/SMYRNA-ON-KAPAK-SON.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":".","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":".","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/"},"author":{"name":".","@id":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/#\/schema\/person\/833c1bbf563d454f8b91d743d5cac7f6"},"headline":"Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City","datePublished":"2026-01-02T10:44:58+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-18T10:42:19+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/"},"wordCount":276,"publisher":{"@id":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d6b6a272870f4cd2600a30e279637d51"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/SMYRNA-ON-KAPAK-SON-683x1024.jpg","articleSection":["Kitaplar\u0131m"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/","url":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/","name":"Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City |\u00a0B\u00fclent \u015eenocak","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/SMYRNA-ON-KAPAK-SON-683x1024.jpg","datePublished":"2026-01-02T10:44:58+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-18T10:42:19+00:00","description":"B\u00fclent \u015eenocak'\u0131n kaleminden Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City, kozmopolit \u0130zmir'in toplumsal dokusunu ve Akdeniz ruhunu tarihsel bir anlat\u0131yla canland\u0131r\u0131yor.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/SMYRNA-ON-KAPAK-SON-683x1024.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/SMYRNA-ON-KAPAK-SON-683x1024.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/smyrna-the-rise-of-an-ancient-city\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Smyrna: The Rise of an Ancient City"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/#website","url":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/","name":"Bülent \u015eenocak","description":"Kalemim, özgürlü\u011fümün kanatlar\u0131d\u0131r.","publisher":{"@id":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d6b6a272870f4cd2600a30e279637d51"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d6b6a272870f4cd2600a30e279637d51","name":"B\u00fclent \u015eenocak","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/logo-1-1.png","url":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/logo-1-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/logo-1-1.png","width":622,"height":412,"caption":"B\u00fclent \u015eenocak"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/logo-1-1.png"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"http:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/#\/schema\/person\/833c1bbf563d454f8b91d743d5cac7f6","name":".","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9d2697bd236ed3adebefbe7d0ec846c8c50acff1b184397dbaa67dc445f06845?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9d2697bd236ed3adebefbe7d0ec846c8c50acff1b184397dbaa67dc445f06845?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9d2697bd236ed3adebefbe7d0ec846c8c50acff1b184397dbaa67dc445f06845?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"."}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/847","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=847"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/847\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1100,"href":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/847\/revisions\/1100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=847"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=847"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bulentsenocak.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=847"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}